Modern science uncovers brain-boosting power of ancient spice coriander and its key compound linalool

11/01/2024 / By Olivia Cook

For thousands of years, coriander has been a trusted natural remedy across many cultures.

From early times, coriander seeds (crushed, ground or whole) were prized as a remedy for digestive troubles, pain and even joint inflammation. People brewed coriander into teas or made decoctions to manage gas, bloating, nausea or diarrhea, relieve mouth sores or ulcers and soothe eye redness. Some even believed coriander could help speed up digestion by encouraging the liver to release bile and other enzymes, which kept food moving comfortably through the digestive system.

In modern times, researchers have found that coriander is packed with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that might help the brain. These effects are largely due to the plant’s essential oils, especially one called linalool, which has shown promise for calming the mind, reducing pain and potentially supporting brain health.

A study published in the Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine in 2021 summarized several of linalool’s effects on the brain – showing its potential as a natural approach to calming the mind and supporting brain function.

Has anticonvulsant and antiseizure effects

Linalool has shown remarkable potential as an antiseizure agent, especially in cases related to overactive glutamate receptors – a key neurotransmitter involved in seizure activity.

In experimental studies, linalool reduced the onset and intensity of seizures caused by excessive glutamate release. In particular, it delayed the time to seizures in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate or NMDA (a compound that overstimulates glutamate receptors), as well as seizures triggered by quinolinic acid, which is linked to certain types of epilepsy. Linolool’s effect was comparable to traditional antianxiety and antiseizure medications – offering a natural alternative for seizure management.

Helps guard against oxidative and inflammatory damage

In situations of brain inflammation and oxidative stress – common factors in many neurodegenerative diseases – linalool has shown promise in reducing these damaging effects.

Studies indicate that linalool can reduce the release of harmful inflammatory proteins, including cyclooxydenaise-2 (COX-2) and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, linalool’s action against oxidative stress helps neutralize free radicals, which are known to accelerate brain cell damage. By decreasing these inflammatory responses, linalool may help preserve brain health over time.

Helps enhance memory and prevent Alzheimer’s

Linalool also shines in its potential to support cognitive health and memory, especially in models of Alzheimer’s disease.

In studies using a triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s, linalool improved memory retention and spatial awareness – suggesting it may help slow cognitive decline and memory loss. Additionally, linalool helped reduce the buildup of Alzheimer’s features, including amyloid beta plaques, degenerating cell fragments and tau neurofibrillary tangles – twisted filaments that accumulate neurons. Its ability to decrease inflammatory markers and protect against oxidative damage in the brain could provide long-term support for cognitive health.

Helps reduce symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Research has highlighted the potential of linalool in reducing symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, particularly those affecting motor control, like dyskinesia (involuntary movements) and tremors.

In animal models where symptoms were induced by the drug tacrine, linalool significantly improved movement control and reduced symptoms, such as involuntary jaw movements and tongue protrusions. This improvement was also linked to linalool’s antioxidant benefits, as it increased levels of protective compounds, like catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), while reducing oxidative damage in the brain.

Helps protects against neurotoxicity

Linalool also appears to protect nerve cells from damage caused by toxic substances. For example, in cases of glucose and serum deprivation – a model for nutrient loss in the brain – linalool improved cell viability, which is essential for preventing nerve cell death.

In studies of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity (a condition caused by a toxic compound often found in industrial products), linalool reduced damage by lowering oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant levels. This reduction in oxidative stress helped protect the nervous system – supporting healthy brain function and reducing the impact of environmental toxins.

Helps reduce anxiety and depression

When inhaled in small amounts (one to three percent), linalool has been found to help people relax in a way similar to the antianxiety medication diazepam. It has been shown to extend sleep, lower levels of aggression in behavioral tests and reduce body temperature. It also seems to promote feelings of relaxation, enhancing social interactions and helping people stay calm in stressful situations. The findings suggest that even low doses of linalool could provide natural relief from mild anxiety and stress.

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